Encyclopedia of Energy  
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  • Basics of Energy back to top
      Batteries, Overview
      Chemical Energy
      Cogeneration
      Combustion and Thermochemistry
      Compressed Air Energy Storage
      Conservation of Energy, Principle of
      Conversion of Energy: People and Animals
      Electrical Energy and Power
      Electric Motors
      Electromagnetism
      Flywheels
      Forms and Measurement of Energy
      Fuel Cells
      Heat Exchangers
      Heat Pumps
      Heat Transfer
      Internal Combustion (Gasoline and Diesel) Engines
      Magnetohydrodynamics
      Mechanical Energy
      Pumped Hydro Storage
      Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
      Rocket Engines
      Stirling (Hot Air) Engines
      Storage of Energy, Overview
      Temperature and Its Measurement
      Thermal Energy Storage
      Thermodynamics and the Entropy Concept
      Turbines, Gas
      Turbines, Steam
      Ultracapacitors
      Work, Power, and Energy
  • Energy Flows back to top
      Atmosphere, Energy Flows in
      Earth's Energy Balance
      Ecosystem Health: Energy Indicators
      Ecosystems and Energy: History and Overview
      Evolution and Energy
      Food Capture, Energy Costs of
      Heterotrophic Energy Flows
      Human Energetics
      Lithosphere, Energy Flows in
      Migration, Energy Costs of
      Ocean, Energy Flows in
      Organism Distribution and Abundance as a Consequence of Energy Balances
      Origin of Life and Energy
      Photosynthesis and Autotrophic Energy Flows
      Reproduction, Energy Costs of
      Sun, Energy From
      Thermodynamics and Ecosystem Development
      Thermoregulation
      Universe, Energy in the
  • Society and Energy back to top

      Cultural Evolution and Energy
      Carrying Capacity and Energy
      Early Industrial World, Energy Flow in
      Easter Island, Resource Depletion and Collapse
      Economic Growth, Liberalization and the Environment
      Global Energy Use, Status and Trends
      Goods and Services: Energy Costs
      Hunting and Gathering Societies, Energy Flows in
      Industrial Agriculture, Energy Flows in
      Leisure, Energy Costs of
      Population Growth and Energy
      Sociopolitical Collapse, Energy and
      Suburbanization and Energy
      Urbanization and Energy
      War and Energy
  • History and Energy back to top

      Coal Industry, History of
      Coal Mining, History of
      Concept of Energy, History of
      Conservation Measures for Energy, History of
      Conversion of Energy, History and Overview
      Economic Thought, History of Energy in
      Electricity Use, History of
      Environmental Change and Energy,
      Fire
      Geographic Thought, History of Energy in
      Historical Energy Crises
      Hydrogen, History of
      Hydropower, History of
      Manufactured Gas, History of
      Natural Gas Industry, History of
      Nuclear Power, History of
      Oil Crises, Historical Perspective
      Oil Industry, History of
      OPEC, History of
      Photovoltaic Technology, History of
      Physics of Energy, History of
      Prices of Energy, History of
      Solar Energy, History of
      Thermodynamic Sciences, History of
      Transitions in Energy Use
      Wind Energy, History of
      Wood Energy, History of
      World History and Energy
  • Systems of Energy back to top
      Chaos, Complexity, and Energy
      Ecological Footprints and Energy
      Economic Systems and Energy, Conceptual Overview
      Entropy and the Economic Process
      Exergoeconomics
      Exergy
      Exergy Analysis of Energy Systems
      Exergy Analysis of Waste Emissions
      Information Theory and Energy/Entropy
      Physics and Economics of Energy, Conceptual Overview
      Resource Quality From an Energy Perspective
      Sustainability, Energy Indicators of
      Technological Change and Energy
      Thermodynamics and Economics, Overview
      Value Theory and Energy
  • Conservation and End Use back to top
      Aircraft and Energy Use
      Alternative Transportation Fuels
      Appliances, Energy-Efficient
      Aquaculture and Energy Use
      Auditing and Accounting of Energy Use
      Batteries, Transportation Applications
      Bicycling
      Commercial Sector and Energy Use
      Crop Production and Energy Use
      Diet, Energy, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
      Discount Rates and Energy Efficiency
      Distributed Energy, Overview
      District Heating and Cooling
      Economics of Energy Conservation
      Energy Efficiency, Taxonomic Overview
      Energy-Efficient and Renewable Home Power
      Energy-Efficient Buildings, Architecture of
      Energy-Efficient Buildings, Technology and Practice of
      Financing Energy Efficiency
      Fisheries and Energy Use
      Food Processing and Preparation: Energy Use
      Food System, Energy Use in
      Freight Demand for Travel and Energy Use
      Fuel Cell Vehicles
      Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning: Energy Efficient
      Hybrid Electric Vehicles
      Industrial Ecology
      Industrial Energy Efficiency
      Industrial Energy Use, Status and Trends
      Industrial Symbiosis
      Information Technology and Energy Use
      Integration of Vehicle and Distributed Energy Systems
      Intelligent Transportation Systems
      Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles
      International Comparisons of Energy End Use
      Life Cycle Analysis of Conventional and Alternative Fuels and Vehicles
      Lifestyles and Energy
      Lighting, Energy-Efficient
      Livestock Production and Energy Use
      Lunar-Solar Power System
      Magnetic Levitation
      Marine Transportation and Energy Use
      Obstacles to Energy Efficiency
      Organic and Conventional Farming, Energy Issues
      Passenger Demand for Travel and Energy Use
      Pedestrianism
      Potential for Energy Efficiency: Developing Nations
      Potential of Energy Efficiency: Industrial Nations
      Railroads and Energy Use
      Residential Energy Use, Overview
      Service Sector, Energy Use in
      Thermal Comfort
      Transportation and Energy, Overview
      Transportation Fuels for Motor Vehicles
      Ultralight Rail and Energy Use
      Vehicles and Their Powerplants: Energy Use and Efficiency
  • Renewable and Alternative Sources back to top

      Aluminum Production and Energy
      Biodiesel Fuels
      Bioenergy, Overview
      Bioenergy Resource Base
      Biomass, Chemicals From
      Biomass Combustion
      Biomass Gasification
      Cement and Energy
      Combined (Hybrid) Renewable Energy Systems
      Ethanol Fuels
      Forest Products and Energy
      Geothermal Direct Use
      Geothermal Heat Pumps
      Geothermal Power Generation
      Glass and Energy
      Hydrogen, End Uses and Economics
      Hydrogen Production Technologies
      Hydrogen Transportation and Storage
      Hydropower Economics
      Hydropower Resources
      Hydropower Technology
      Materials for Solar Energy
      Microtechnology, Energy Applications of
      Mineral Extraction and Energy
      Ocean Thermal Energy
      Photosynthesis, Artificial
      Photovoltaic Energy, Building-Integrated
      Photovoltaic Energy: Space Applications
      Photovoltaic Energy: Stand-Alone and Grid-Connected Systems
      Photovoltaic Materials, Physics of
      Renewable Energy, Financing for
      Renewable Energy in Asia
      Renewable Energy in Europe
      Renewable Energy in Southern Africa
      Renewable Energy in the United States
      Renewable Energy, Taxonomic Overview
      Solar Cells
      Solar Chimney
      Solar Cookers
      Solar Cooling and Dehumidification
      Solar Detoxification and Disinfection
      Solar Distillation and Drying
      Solar Energy in Urban Environments
      Solar Energy, Economics of
      Solar Fuels and Materials
      Solar Heat Pumps
      Solar Ponds
      Solar Radiation
      Solar Thermal Energy, Low-Temperature Applications
      Solar Thermal Energy, Industrial Heat Applications
      Solar Thermal Power Generation
      Solar Water Desalination
      Steel Production and Energy
      Tidal Energy
      Waste-to-Energy Systems
      Wave and Current Energy
      Wind Energy Economics
      Wind Farms
      Wind Resource Base
  • Risks back to top

      Air Pollution, Health Effects of
      Electromagnetic Fields, Health Impacts of
      Gasoline Additives and Public Health
      Nuclear Power, Safety Aspects of
      Nuclear Proliferation and Diversion
      Occupational Health Risks in Crude Oil and Natural Gas Extraction
      Occupational Health Risks in Nuclear Power
      Public Health and Energy, Overview
      Radiation, Risks and Health Impacts of
      Risk Analysis Applied to Energy Systems
      Vehicle Fuel Efficiency and Safety
  • Environmental Issues back to top

      Acid Deposition and Energy Use
      Air Pollution Control Technology
      Air Pollution from Energy Production and Use
      Arid Environments, Impacts of Energy Development in
      Biomass: Impact on Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
      Biomass: Overview of Environmental Impacts
      Carbon Sequestration and Fossil Fuels
      Carbon Sequestration: Terrestrial
      Climate Change and Energy, Overview
      Climate Change, Historic
      Climate Change: Impact on the Demand for Energy
      Climate Stablization, Energy Policy for
      Coal Mine Reclamation and Remediation
      Coal Mining, Environmental Impact of
      Crude Oil Releases to the Environment: Biological Remediation and Degradation
      Desalination and Energy Use
      Electric Power Generation: Valuation of Environmental Costs
      Entrainment and Impingement of Organisms in Power Plant Cooling
      Global Material Cycles and Energy
      Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Alternative Scenarios of
      Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy Systems, Overview
      Gulf War, Environmental Impact of
      Hazardous Waste from Fossil Fuels
      Heat Islands and Energy
      Hydropower, Environmental Impact of
      Indoor Air Quality in Developing Nations
      Indoor Air Quality in Industrial Nations
      Land Requirements of Energy Systems
      Natural Gas Production and Processing, Environmental Impact of
      Nuclear Power Plants, Decommissioning of
      Nuclear Waste
      Petroleum Releases to the Environment: Environmental Impact
      Photovoltaics, Environmental Impact of
      Polar Regions, Impacts of Energy Development
      Thermal Pollution
      Uranium Mining: Environmental Impact
      Water Use and Energy Development
      Wetlands, Impacts of Energy Development in
      Wind Energy, Environmental Impact of
  • Public Issues back to top

      Boomtowns and Energy Development
      Conservation and Consumer Behavior
      Consumption, Energy, and the Environment
      Environmental Justice and Energy Facilities
      Hydropower Resettlement Projects, Social Impacts of
      Labels and Standards, Energy
      Media and Energy
      Motor Vehicle Use, Social Costs of
      Oil and Natural Gas Development, Social Impacts of
      Philanthropy , Energy and
      Public Reaction to Energy, Overview
      Public Reaction to Nuclear Power Siting and Disposal
      Public Reaction to Offshore Oil
      Public Reaction to Renewable Energy Systems
      Siting Energy Facilities
  • Policy Issues back to top
      Carbon Taxes and Climate Change
      City Planning and Energy Use
      Clean Air Markets
      Coal Industry, Energy Policy in
      Command and Control Policies
      Equity and Distribution in Energy Policy
      European Union Energy Policy
      Fuel Economy Initiatives: International Comparisons
      Geopolitics of Energy
      Greenhouse Gas Abatement: Cost Comparison of Different Policies
      Industrial Energy Efficiency Policy
      Market-Based Instruments, Overview
      National Energy Policy: Brazil
      National Energy Policy: China
      National Energy Policy: India
      National Energy Policy: Japan
      National Energy Policy: United States
      National Security and Energy
      Natural Gas Industry, Energy Policy in
      Oil Industry, Energy Policy in
      Public Lands and Energy Development
      Renewable Portfolio Standards
      Renewable Energy: Barriers and Policies
      Research and Development Trends for Energy
      Rural Energy Development, Policies for
      Transportation and Energy Policy
  • Economics of Energy back to top
      Auctions In Energy Markets
      Business Cycle and Energy Prices
      Corporate Environmental Strategy
      Economic Geography of Energy
      Economic Growth and Energy
      Economics of Energy Demand
      Economics of Energy Supply
      Energy Services Industry
      Evolutionary Economics and Energy
      External Costs of Energy
      Financial Derivatives
      Forecasting Energy Markets
      Futures and Options
      Inflation and Energy Prices
      Innovation and Energy Prices
      Investment in Energy Industries
      International Energy Law
      Market Failures in Energy Markets
      Markets for Biofuels
      Markets for Coal
      Markets for Electricity (Wholesale and Retail)
      Markets for Natural Gas
      Markets for Petroleum
      Markets for Renewable Energy
      Marxist Economics and Energy
      Nuclear Power Economics
      Oil Price Volatility
      OPEC Market Behavior
      Petroleum Property Valuation
      Productivity and Energy Prices
      Rebound Effect of Energy Conservation
      "Resource Curse" and Investment in Energy Industries
      Risk in Energy Markets
      Stock Market and Energy Prices
      Subsidies to Energy Industries
      Substitution Among Energy and Other Factors of Production
      Taxation of Energy
      Trade in Energy and Energy Services
      Unemployment and Energy Prices
      Vehicle Fuel Efficiency, Economics of
  • Measurement and Models back to top

      Cost-Benefit Analysis Applied to Energy
      Depletion and Valuation of Energy Resources
      Ecological Risk Assessment Applied to Energy Development
      Emergy Analysis of Energy Systems
      Experience Curves for Energy Technologies
      Green Accounting and Energy
      Input-Output Analysis
      Life Cycle Assessment and Energy Systems
      Life Cycle Analysis: Power Generation Systems
      Measurement and Aggregation of Energy
      Modeling Energy Supply and Demand: Bottom-Up Approaches
      Modeling Energy Supply and Demand: Top-Down-Up Approaches
      Modeling Energy Supply and Use, Taxonomic Overview
      Multi-Criteria Analysis of Energy
      National Energy Modeling Systems
      Net Energy Analysis, Concepts and Methods
      Neural Network Modeling of Energy Systems
      System Dynamics and the Electric Power Industry
  • Material Use and Reuse back to top
      Computer Modeling of Renewable Electric Energy Systems
      Decomposition Analysis Applied to Energy
      Fuzzy Logic Modeling of Energy Systems
      Material Efficiency and Energy Use
      Material Use in Automobiles
      Plastics Production and Energy
      Recycling, Energy Constraints of
      Recycling of Metals
      Recycling of Paper
      Recycling of Plastics
      Remanufacturing and Energy
      Reuse and Energy
  • Oil and Natural Gas back to top
      Gas Hydrates
      Natural Gas Processing and Products
      Natural Gas Resources, Global Distribution of
      Natural Gas Resources, Unconventional
      Natural Gas Transportation and Storage
      Oil and Natural Gas Drilling
      Oil and Natural Gas: Economics of Exploration
      Oil and Natural Gas Exploration
      Oil and Natural Gas Leasing
      Oil and Natural Gas, Offshore
      Oil and Natural Gas Resource Assessment: Classifications and Terminology
      Oil and Natural Gas Resource Assessment: Geological Methods
      Oil and Natural Gas Resource Assessment: Production Growth Cycle Models
      Oil Industry, Future Technologies in
      Oil Recovery
      Oil Refining and Products
      Oil Resources: Global Magnitudes and Distribution
      Oil Shale
      Oil Storage
      Oil Pipelines
      Petroleum System: Natures's Distribution System for Oil and Gas
      Remote Sensing for Energy Resources
      Strategic Petroleum Reserves
      Tanker Transportation
      Tar Sands
  • Coal back to top
      Clean Coal Technologies
      Coal, Chemical and Physical Properties of
      Coal Conversion
      Coal, Fuel and Non-Fuel Uses
      Coal Mining, Design and Methods of
      Coal Mining, Health and Safety Issues
      Coal Preparation
      Coal Resources, Formation of
      Coal Resources: Global Magnitudes and Distribution
      Coal Transportation and Storage
  • Electricity back to top
      Electric Power: Critical Infrastructure Protection
      Electric Power: Demand-Side Management and Demand Response
      Electricity, Environmental Impacts of
      Electric Power Generation: Cost Comparison of Different Modes of Generation
      Electric Power Generation: Fossil Fuel
      Electric Power Reform: Equity and Environment
      Electric Power: Regulation and the Future of the Industry
      Electric Power Systems Engineering
      Electric Power: Traditional Monopoly Franchise Regulation and Rate Making
      Electric Power: Transmission and Generation Reliability and Adequacy
      Electric Power Variables and Measurements
      Electric Utilities: Restructuring and Privatization
  • Nuclear Energy back to top
      Nuclear Engineering
      Nuclear Fission Reactors: Boiling Water and Pressurized Water Reactors
      Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing
      Nuclear Fusion Reactors
      Nuclear Material Transportation
      Nuclear Fission Reactors, Advanced
      Nuclear Fuel: Design and Fabrication
      Uranium Enrichment
      Uranium Mining, Milling, and Processing
      Uranium Resource Assessment
  • Sustainable Development back to top
      Development and Energy, Overview
      Energy Ladder In Developing Nations
      Kuznet Curves
      Rural Energy in China
      Rural Energy in India
      Rural Energy, Overview
      Rural Electrification
      Sustainable Development, Overview and Principles
      Wood in Household Energy Use
  • Global Issues back to top
      Energy-Exporting Nations, Role of Energy Revenues in
      Equity and Energy
      Gender and Energy
      Nationalism and Energy
      Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) and Energy
      Poverty and Energy
      Technology Innnovation, Adoption, and Diffusion
  • Back Matter back to top
      Contributors List
      Cumulative Glossary
      Guide to Available Codes, Standards, and Reference Materials Related to Energy
      Appendices

        SI Units
        Examples of Energy Conversion Processes and Devices
        Energy Conversion Factors
        Units of Temperature and Conversion
        Energy Content of Fuels
        Global Summary of Energy Resources
        Power Output of Energy Converters
        Energy Requirements for Transportation
        Energy Requirements for Electrical Appliances
        Chronology of Energy-Related Developments
        Physical Constants
        Mechanical Energy Relationships
        Efficiency of Common Energy Conversions
        Units of Measurement
        Scientific Notation and Unit Prefixes
        Basic Electricity
        Solar Energy
        Half-Lives of Radioactive Isotopes
        Non-Governmental Energy Organizations
        Energy Companies Directory (by subject area)
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